1. Getting Started
2. What you will need
3. Solution
4. OAuth 2.0
5. Writing the Application
6. Running the Application
7. Generate a Micronaut Application Native Executable with GraalVM
- 7.1. Native executable generation
8. Next steps
9. Help with the Micronaut Framework

Secure a Micronaut application with LinkedIn

Learn how to create a Micronaut application and authenticate with LinkedIn.

Authors: Sergio del Amo

Micronaut Version: 3.9.2

1. Getting Started

In this guide, we will create a Micronaut application written in Java.

2. What you will need

To complete this guide, you will need the following:

Some time on your hands
A decent text editor or IDE
JDK 1.8 or greater installed with JAVA_HOME configured appropriately

3. Solution

We recommend that you follow the instructions in the next sections and create the application step by step. However, you can go right to the completed example.

Download and unzip the source

4. OAuth 2.0

To provide Sign in with LinkedIn with Authorization Code Flow, you need to visit linkedin.com/developers/ and:

4.1. Create a LinkedIn App

4.3. Configure Authorized Redirect URL

Go to the Auth tab.

Save your client id and client secret. You will need them to configure your Micronaut applications.
Register http://localhost:8080/oauth/callback/linkedin. By creating a client named linkedin in the Micronaut application, route /oauth/callback/linkedin is registered.
After you add Add Sign in with LinkedIn the scopes r_liteprofile and r_emailaddress will appear. We will configure the Micronaut application to request scope r_liteprofile.

5. Writing the Application

Create an application using the Micronaut Command Line Interface or with Micronaut Launch.

mn create-app example.micronaut.micronautguide \
    --features=security-oauth2,security-jwt,views-thymeleaf,reactor,graalvm,serialization-jackson \
    --build=gradle
    --lang=java

If you don’t specify the --build argument, Gradle is used as the build tool.
If you don’t specify the --lang argument, Java is used as the language.

The previous command creates a Micronaut application with the default package example.micronaut in a directory named micronautguide.

If you use Micronaut Launch, select Micronaut Application as application type and add security-oauth2, security-jwt, views-thymeleaf, reactor, graalvm, and serialization-jackson features.

If you have an existing Micronaut application and want to add the functionality described here, you can view the dependency and configuration changes from the specified features and apply those changes to your application.

Setup IntelliJ IDEA to develop Micronaut Applications.

5.1. Views

Although the Micronaut framework is primarily designed around message encoding / decoding, there are occasions where it is convenient to render a view on the server side.

We’ll use the Thymeleaf Java template engine to render views.

5.2. Home

Create a controller to handle the requests to /. You will display the email of the authenticated person if any. Annotate the controller endpoint with @View since we will use a Thymeleaf template.

src/main/java/example/micronaut/HomeController.java

package example.micronaut;

import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Controller;
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Get;
import io.micronaut.security.annotation.Secured;
import io.micronaut.security.rules.SecurityRule;
import io.micronaut.views.View;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller (1)
public class HomeController {

    @Secured(SecurityRule.IS_ANONYMOUS) (2)
    @View("home") (3)
    @Get (4)
    public Map<String, Object> index() {
        return new HashMap<>();
    }
}

1	The class is defined as a controller with the @Controller annotation mapped to the path `/`.
2	Annotate with `io.micronaut.security.Secured` to configure secured access. The `SecurityRule.IS_ANONYMOUS` expression will allow access without authentication.
3	Use View annotation to specify which template to use to render the response.
4	The @Get annotation maps the `index` method to GET `/` requests.

Create a Thymeleaf template:

src/main/resources/views/home.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <title>Home</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Micronaut - LinkedIn example</h1>

<h2 th:if="${security}">username: <span th:text="${security.name}"></span></h2>
<h2 th:unless="${security}">username: Anonymous</h2>

<nav>
    <ul>
        <li th:unless="${security}"><a href="/oauth/login/linkedin">Enter</a></li>
        <li th:if="${security}"><a href="/logout">Logout</a></li>
    </ul>
</nav>
</body>
</html>

Also, note that we return an empty model in the controller. However, we are accessing security in the Thymeleaf template.

The SecurityViewModelProcessor injects into the model a security map with the authenticated user. See User in a view documentation.

5.3. OAuth 2.0 authorization code grant flow

Here is a high level diagram of how the authorization code grant flow works with an OAuth 2.0 provider such as LinkedIn.

5.4. OAuth 2.0 Configuration

Add the following OAuth2 Configuration:

src/main/resources/application.yml

micronaut:
  security:
    authentication: cookie (1)
    token:
      jwt:
        signatures:
          secret:
            generator: (2)
              secret: '${JWT_GENERATOR_SIGNATURE_SECRET:pleaseChangeThisSecretForANewOne}' (3)
    oauth2:
      clients:
        linkedin: (4)
          client-id: '${OAUTH_CLIENT_ID:xxx}' (5)
          client-secret: '${OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET:yyy}' (6)
          scopes:
            - r_liteprofile (7)
          authorization:
            url: https://www.linkedin.com/oauth/v2/authorization (8)
          token:
            url: https://www.linkedin.com/oauth/v2/accessToken (9)
    endpoints:
      logout:
        get-allowed: true (10)

1	Set `micronaut.security.authentication` to `cookie` to generate a signed JWT once the user is authenticated. The token is saved in a Cookie and read in subsequent requests.
2	You can create a SecretSignatureConfiguration named `generator` via configuration as illustrated above. The `generator` signature is used to sign the issued JWT claims.
3	Change this value to your own secret and keep it safe (do not store this in your VCS).
4	The provider identifier must match the last part of the URL you entered as a redirect URL: `/oauth/callback/linkedin`.
5	Client Secret. See previous screenshot.
6	Client ID. See previous screenshot.
7	Specify the scopes you want to request. Linked Permission Types let you specify exactly what type of access you need.
8	Map manually the LinkedIn’s Authorization endpoint.
9	Map manually the LinkedIn’s Token endpoint.
10	Accept GET request to the `/logout` endpoint.

The previous configuration uses several placeholders. You will need to set up OAUTH_CLIENT_ID, OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET environment variables.

export OAUTH_CLIENT_ID=XXXXXXXXXX
export OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET=YYYYYYYYYY

5.5. OAuth 2.0 Details Mapper

We need an HTTP Client to retrieve the user info. Create a POJO to represent a LinkedIn user:

src/main/java/example/micronaut/LinkedInMe.java

package example.micronaut;

import io.micronaut.core.annotation.NonNull;
import io.micronaut.serde.annotation.Serdeable;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank;

@Serdeable
public class LinkedInMe {

    @NonNull
    @NotBlank
    private final String id;

    @NonNull
    @NotBlank
    private final String localizedFirstName;

    @NonNull
    @NotBlank
    private final String localizedLastName;

    public LinkedInMe(@NonNull String id,
                      @NonNull String localizedFirstName,
                      @NonNull String localizedLastName) {
        this.id = id;
        this.localizedFirstName = localizedFirstName;
        this.localizedLastName = localizedLastName;
    }

    @NonNull
    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    @NonNull
    public String getLocalizedFirstName() {
        return localizedFirstName;
    }

    @NonNull
    public String getLocalizedLastName() {
        return localizedLastName;
    }
}

Then, create a Micronaut Declarative HTTP Client to consume LinkedIn Profile endpoint

src/main/java/example/micronaut/LinkedInApiClient.java

package example.micronaut;

import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Get;
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Header;
import io.micronaut.http.client.annotation.Client;
import org.reactivestreams.Publisher;

@Client(id = "linkedin") (1)
public interface LinkedInApiClient {

    @Get("/v2/me") (2)
    Publisher<LinkedInMe> me(@Header String authorization);  (3) (4)
}

1	Add the id `linkedin` to the `@Client` annotation. Later, you will provide URL for this client id.
2	Define a HTTP GET request to `/v2/me` endpoint.
3	You can return reactive types in a Micronaut declarative HTTP client.
4	You can specify that a parameter binds to a HTTP Header such as the Authorization header.

Specify the URL for the linkedin service.

src/main/resources/application.yml

micronaut:
  http:
    services:
      linkedin:
        url: "https://api.linkedin.com"

Create an implementation of OauthAuthenticationMapper. The implementation must be qualified by a name that matches the name present in the client configuration. The value specified in the client configuration is linkedin.

src/main/java/example/micronaut/LinkedInOauthAuthenticationMapper.java

package example.micronaut;

import io.micronaut.core.annotation.Nullable;
import io.micronaut.core.util.CollectionUtils;
import io.micronaut.security.authentication.AuthenticationResponse;
import io.micronaut.security.oauth2.endpoint.authorization.state.State;
import io.micronaut.security.oauth2.endpoint.token.response.OauthAuthenticationMapper;
import io.micronaut.security.oauth2.endpoint.token.response.TokenResponse;
import jakarta.inject.Named;
import jakarta.inject.Singleton;
import org.reactivestreams.Publisher;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;

import static io.micronaut.http.HttpHeaderValues.AUTHORIZATION_PREFIX_BEARER;

@Named("linkedin") (1)
@Singleton (2)
public class LinkedInOauthAuthenticationMapper implements OauthAuthenticationMapper {

    private final LinkedInApiClient linkedInApiClient;

    public LinkedInOauthAuthenticationMapper(LinkedInApiClient linkedInApiClient) { (3)
        this.linkedInApiClient = linkedInApiClient;
    }

    @Override
    public Publisher<AuthenticationResponse> createAuthenticationResponse(TokenResponse tokenResponse,
                                                                          @Nullable State state) {
        return Mono.from(linkedInApiClient.me(AUTHORIZATION_PREFIX_BEARER + ' ' + tokenResponse.getAccessToken()))
                .map(linkedMe -> {
                    Map<String, Object> attributes = CollectionUtils.mapOf(
                            "firstName", linkedMe.getLocalizedFirstName(),
                            "lastName", linkedMe.getLocalizedLastName());
                    String username = linkedMe.getId();
                    return AuthenticationResponse.success(username, Collections.emptyList(), attributes);
                });
    }
}

1	Declare `@Named` at the class level of a bean to explicitly define the name of the bean.
2	Use `jakarta.inject.Singleton` to designate a class as a singleton.
3	Use constructor injection to inject a bean of type `LinkedInApiClient`.

6. Running the Application

To run the application, use the ./gradlew run command, which starts the application on port 8080.

7. Generate a Micronaut Application Native Executable with GraalVM

We will use GraalVM, the polyglot embeddable virtual machine, to generate a native executable of our Micronaut application.

Compiling native executables ahead of time with GraalVM improves startup time and reduces the memory footprint of JVM-based applications.

Only Java and Kotlin projects support using GraalVM’s native-image tool. Groovy relies heavily on reflection, which is only partially supported by GraalVM.

7.1. Native executable generation

The easiest way to install GraalVM on Linux or Mac is to use SDKMan.io.

Java 11

sdk install java 22.3.r11-grl

If you still use Java 8, use the JDK11 version of GraalVM.

Java 17

sdk install java 22.3.r17-grl

For installation on Windows, or for manual installation on Linux or Mac, see the GraalVM Getting Started documentation.

After installing GraalVM, install the native-image component, which is not installed by default:

gu install native-image

To generate a native executable using Gradle, run:

./gradlew nativeCompile

The native executable is created in build/native/nativeCompile directory and can be run with build/native/nativeCompile/micronautguide.

It is possible to customize the name of the native executable or pass additional parameters to GraalVM:

build.gradle

graalvmNative {
    binaries {
        main {
            imageName.set('mn-graalvm-application') (1)
            buildArgs.add('--verbose') (2)
        }
    }
}

1	The native executable name will now be `mn-graalvm-application`
2	It is possible to pass extra arguments to build the native executable

Visit localhost:8080 and authenticate with LinkedIn

8. Next steps

Read Micronaut OAuth 2.0 documentation to learn more.

9. Help with the Micronaut Framework

The Micronaut Foundation sponsored the creation of this Guide. A variety of consulting and support services are available.

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